不幸

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不幸 [2025/08/06 01:55] – created xiaoer不幸 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== bùxìng: 不幸 - Unfortunate, Misfortune, Adversity ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 不幸, buxing, bu xing, unfortunate in Chinese, misfortune in Chinese, how to say unfortunately in Chinese, Chinese word for unlucky, sad, tragedy, adversity, HSK 4 vocabulary. +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the meaning and usage of the Chinese word **不幸 (bùxìng)**, which translates to "unfortunate" or "misfortune." This comprehensive guide covers its character breakdown, cultural context, and practical examples. Discover when to use this serious term for adversity and tragedy, and how it differs from lighter words like "unlucky" (倒霉, dǎoméi) or "pity" (可惜, kěxī). Perfect for HSK 4 students and anyone looking to express serious concepts in Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** bù xìng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective, Noun, Adverb +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Pertaining to misfortune, adversity, or unfortunate circumstances. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **不幸 (bùxìng)** is a heavy and formal word used to describe serious negative events or a state of suffering. Think of it not as "unlucky" (like missing a bus), but as "unfortunate" in the context of major accidents, disasters, death, or significant personal tragedies. It carries a sense of gravity and elicits sympathy. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **不 (bù):** A simple but powerful character, this is one of the most common negators in Chinese. It means "not" or "no." +
-  * **幸 (xìng):** This character means "fortunate," "lucky," or "good fortune." +
-  * When combined, the logic is very direct: **不 (bù) + 幸 (xìng) = Not Fortunate**. This creates the strong meaning of "unfortunate" or "misfortune." +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese culture, **不幸 (bùxìng)** is a word reserved for situations that are genuinely serious and somber. It reflects a certain acceptance of fate (命运, mìngyùn) and the unpredictable nature of life. When someone experiences a **不幸**, it's a call for community support and empathy, not a casual complaint. +
-A key cultural distinction is its weight compared to the English word "unfortunately." An American might say, "Unfortunately, the store is closed." Using **不幸** here would be grammatically correct but culturally jarring and overly dramatic. A Chinese speaker would use **可惜 (kěxī)**, meaning "it's a pity," or simply state the fact. +
-Using **不幸** correctly shows that you understand the emotional and social gravity of a situation. It's used for news of an accident, expressing condolences for a death, or describing a major natural disaster. It acknowledges that a situation is not just an inconvenience, but a true adversity. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**不幸** is versatile and can function as an adjective, noun, or adverb, almost always in formal or serious contexts. +
-  * **As an Adverb (不幸的是, bùxìng de shì):** This is one of its most common uses, acting as a sentence starter to deliver bad news. It's equivalent to "Unfortunately," or "Tragically,". You will frequently see this in news reports. +
-  * **As an Adjective:** It can describe a person, event, or piece of news as "unfortunate." +
-    * e.g., 一个**不幸**的家庭 (yī gè bùxìng de jiātíng) - an unfortunate family. +
-    * e.g., 一个**不幸**的消息 (yī gè bùxìng de xiāoxi) - an unfortunate piece of news. +
-  * **As a Noun:** It refers to "misfortune" or "adversity" as a concept. +
-    * e.g., 面对**不幸** (miànduì bùxìng) - to face misfortune. +
-    * e.g., 这是我一生中最大的**不幸**。(zhè shì wǒ yīshēng zhōng zuìdà de bùxìng) - This is the greatest misfortune of my life. +
-Its tone is consistently formal and serious. You would not use it to complain about your day on social media unless something truly catastrophic happened. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * **不幸**的是，他在事故中失去了双腿。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Bùxìng** de shì, tā zài shìgù zhōng shīqùle shuāng tuǐ. +
-    * English: Unfortunately, he lost both his legs in the accident. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the most common adverbial usage. The event (losing legs) is clearly serious, making **不幸** the appropriate word. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 听到这个**不幸**的消息，我们都感到非常难过。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tīng dào zhège **bùxìng** de xiāoxi, wǒmen dōu gǎndào fēicháng nánguò. +
-    * English: Hearing this unfortunate news, we all felt very sad. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **不幸** is used as an adjective to describe "news" (消息). It signals that the news is tragic. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 他的童年充满了**不幸**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de tóngnián chōngmǎnle **bùxìng**. +
-    * English: His childhood was full of misfortune. +
-    * Analysis: **不幸** is used as a noun here, representing the concept of adversity or hardship that defined his childhood. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 在这次地震中，很多人**不幸**遇难了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài zhè cì dìzhèn zhōng, hěn duō rén **bùxìng** yùnàn le. +
-    * English: In this earthquake, many people unfortunately passed away. +
-    * Analysis: A common and formal way to report deaths in a disaster. **不幸** functions as an adverb modifying the verb "to die in an accident" (遇难, yùnàn). +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 尽管遭遇了种种**不幸**，她依然保持乐观。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jǐnguǎn zāoyùle zhǒngzhǒng **bùxìng**, tā yīrán bǎochí lèguān. +
-    * English: Despite encountering all kinds of misfortune, she still remains optimistic. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence uses **不幸** as a noun ("misfortune") and contrasts it with a positive attitude, highlighting resilience. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 这对老夫妇最大的**不幸**就是失去了他们唯一的儿子。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè duì lǎo fūfù zuìdà de **bùxìng** jiùshì shīqùle tāmen wéiyī de érzi. +
-    * English: The greatest misfortune for this old couple was losing their only son. +
-    * Analysis: Another example of **不幸** as a noun, emphasizing the ultimate tragedy for the family. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 他把自己的失败归咎于**不幸**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā bǎ zìjǐ de shībài guījiù yú **bùxìng**. +
-    * English: He attributed his failure to misfortune. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how **不幸** can be used to mean something like "bad luck" or "ill fate," but in a serious, life-altering context like "failure" (失败). +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这是一个**不幸**的时代，但也是一个充满希望的时代。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè shì yī gè **bùxìng** de shídài, dàn yěshì yī gè chōngmǎn xīwàng de shídài. +
-    * English: This is an unfortunate era, but it is also an era full of hope. +
-    * Analysis: A literary or historical use of **不幸** as an adjective to describe a larger period of time marked by hardship (like war or famine). +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 我们为那些在火灾中**不幸**丧生的人们默哀。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen wèi nàxiē zài huǒzāi zhōng **bùxìng** sàngshēng de rénmen mò'āi. +
-    * English: We observe a moment of silence for those who unfortunately lost their lives in the fire. +
-    * Analysis: A formal expression of condolence, typical of official statements or ceremonies. **不幸** modifies "to lose one's life" (丧生). +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 任何人都可能遭遇**不幸**，重要的是我们如何面对它。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rènhé rén dōu kěnéng zāoyù **bùxìng**, zhòngyào de shì wǒmen rúhé miànduì tā. +
-    * English: Anyone can encounter misfortune; what's important is how we face it. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence uses **不幸** in a philosophical sense, as a universal aspect of the human condition. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The most common mistake for English speakers is overusing **不幸** for minor inconveniences. It's a "false friend" with the casual use of "unfortunately." +
-  *   **Incorrect:** **不幸**，我错过了公交车。(Bùxìng, wǒ cuòguòle gōngjiāochē.) - //"Unfortunately, I missed the bus."// +
-  *   **Why it's wrong:** Missing a bus is an inconvenience, not a tragedy. It makes the speaker sound overly dramatic. +
-  *   **Correct Alternatives:** +
-    *   我真**倒霉**，错过了公交车。(Wǒ zhēn dǎoméi, cuòguòle gōngjiāochē.) - //"I'm so unlucky, I missed the bus."// (倒霉 is for everyday bad luck). +
-    *   **可惜**，我错过了公交车。(Kěxī, wǒ cuòguòle gōngjiāochē.) - //"What a pity, I missed the bus."// (可惜 expresses regret over a missed opportunity). +
-**Rule of Thumb:** If the situation involves death, serious injury, disaster, or life-altering hardship, **不幸** is appropriate. If it's a daily annoyance, use **倒霉 (dǎoméi)**. If it's a regrettable but non-tragic outcome, use **可惜 (kěxī)**. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[幸运]] (xìngyùn) - Lucky, fortunate. The direct antonym of **不幸**. +
-  * [[倒霉]] (dǎoméi) - Unlucky. Describes minor, everyday bad luck (e.g., losing keys, missing a train). It's much less severe than **不幸**. +
-  * [[可惜]] (kěxī) - It's a pity, what a shame. Used for regrettable situations or missed opportunities that are not tragic. +
-  * [[灾难]] (zāinàn) - Disaster, catastrophe. A **灾难** (like an earthquake or flood) is a type of event that causes widespread **不幸**. +
-  * [[悲剧]] (bēijù) - Tragedy. Similar to **不幸**, but often has a more literary or dramatic connotation, like a story with a tragic ending. +
-  * [[悲伤]] (bēishāng) - Sad, sorrowful. This is the //feeling// one has when hearing about or experiencing **不幸**. +
-  * [[厄运]] (èyùn) - Bad luck, doom, ill fate. A more literary noun for misfortune, often implying a sense of destiny or fate. +
-  * [[天有不测风云]] (tiān yǒu bùcè fēngyún) - "The sky has unpredictable clouds and wind." An idiom used to explain that sudden disasters (**不幸**) can happen to anyone at any time.+