公路

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公路 [2025/08/11 11:55] – created xiaoer公路 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== gōnglù: 公路 - Highway, Public Road ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 公路, gōnglù, Chinese highway, public road in Chinese, what is gonglu, China's road system, driving in China, 高速公路, 国道, 道路, 路, travel in China. +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the essential Chinese word **公路 (gōnglù)**, which translates to "highway" or "public road." This comprehensive guide explores its simple character origins, its profound cultural significance as a symbol of China's modern development, and its practical use in everyday conversation. Learn the critical difference between a general **公路 (gōnglù)** and a high-speed expressway, **高速公路 (gāosù gōnglù)**, to navigate and discuss travel in China like a pro. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** gōnglù +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A public road, especially a main road connecting towns, cities, or regions. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **公路 (gōnglù)** is the standard, everyday term for any major public road. If you're on a paved road connecting one place to another, you're likely on a 公路. It forms the backbone of China's vast transportation network and represents the physical connections that have fueled its economic growth. While it can be translated as "highway," it's a more general term than the high-speed, controlled-access "freeway" or "expressway." +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **公 (gōng):** This character means "public," "common," or "shared by all." Think of it as the opposite of private (私 sī). You see it in words like **公**园 (gōngyuán - public park) and **公**司 (gōngsī - public entity/company). +
-  * **路 (lù):** This character means "road," "path," or "way." It's a fundamental character for anything related to travel and routes. +
-  * Together, **公路 (gōnglù)** literally and logically means "public road"—a road that is open for everyone to use. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The term **公路 (gōnglù)** is more than just a word for a road; it's a powerful symbol of modern China's development. The rapid expansion of the nation's highway system since the 1980s is seen as a primary driver and a visible metric of its economic miracle. +
-This is perfectly captured in the famous slogan from the reform era: **“要想富，先修路” (yào xiǎng fù, xiān xiū lù)**, which means "If you want to become prosperous, first build roads." This philosophy highlights a core value in China's development strategy: infrastructure and connectivity are the prerequisites for economic progress and national strength. +
-Compared to the American concept of the "highway," which is often associated with freedom, individualism, and the classic "road trip," the Chinese **公路** carries a stronger connotation of collective effort, national planning, and state-led progress. It's less about a personal journey of discovery and more about connecting the nation, facilitating commerce, and lifting entire regions out of poverty. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**公路 (gōnglù)** is a neutral, functional term used constantly in contexts of travel, logistics, and geography. +
-  * **Asking for Directions:** You'll use it when asking how to get to a main road. +
-  * **Discussing Travel:** When planning a road trip (自驾游 zìjiàyóu), you'll discuss which **公路** to take. +
-  * **News and Government Reports:** Media often reports on the construction of new **公路** as a measure of regional development. +
-  * **Distinguishing Road Types:** The most important practical usage is distinguishing a general **公路** from a **高速公路 (gāosù gōnglù)**, which is a high-speed, tolled expressway. All 高速公路 are a type of 公路, but not all 公路 are 高速公路. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 我们沿着这条**公路**一直开就能到下一个城市。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen yánzhe zhè tiáo **gōnglù** yīzhí kāi jiù néng dào xià yī gè chéngshì. +
-    * English: If we keep driving along this highway, we'll reach the next city. +
-    * Analysis: A straightforward example of using **公路** to refer to a main connecting road. The measure word for long, thin things like roads is 条 (tiáo). +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 这条**公路**晚上没有路灯，开车要小心。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè tiáo **gōnglù** wǎnshang méiyǒu lùdēng, kāichē yào xiǎoxīn. +
-    * English: This highway doesn't have streetlights at night, so you need to be careful when driving. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights a practical characteristic. Not all **公路** are modern, well-lit expressways. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 请问，去最近的**公路**怎么走？ +
-    * Pinyin: Qǐngwèn, qù zuìjìn de **gōnglù** zěnme zǒu? +
-    * English: Excuse me, how do I get to the nearest main road/highway? +
-    * Analysis: A classic and useful question for travelers asking for directions. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 为了节省时间，我们走高速**公路**，不走普通**公路**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wèile jiéshěng shíjiān, wǒmen zǒu gāosù **gōnglù**, bù zǒu pǔtōng **gōnglù**. +
-    * English: To save time, we're taking the expressway, not the regular highway. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence directly illustrates the key distinction between a 高速公路 (expressway) and a 普通公路 (ordinary/regular highway). +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 中国的**公路**网现在非常发达。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhōngguó de **gōnglù** wǎng xiànzài fēicháng fādá. +
-    * English: China's highway network is extremely developed now. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence reflects the cultural significance of the road system as a measure of national development. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 由于大雪，许多**公路**都封闭了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yóuyú dàxuě, xǔduō **gōnglù** dōu fēngbì le. +
-    * English: Due to the heavy snow, many highways have been closed. +
-    * Analysis: A common phrase you might hear in a weather or traffic report. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 318国道是一条非常有名的**公路**，风景很美。 +
-    * Pinyin: Sānyāobā Guódào shì yī tiáo fēicháng yǒumíng de **gōnglù**, fēngjǐng hěn měi. +
-    * English: National Highway 318 is a very famous highway with beautiful scenery. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how specific numbered routes, like a 国道 (guódào - national highway), are types of **公路**. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 前面的**公路**正在施工，我们得绕道。 +
-    * Pinyin: Qiánmiàn de **gōnglù** zhèngzài shīgōng, wǒmen děi ràodào. +
-    * English: The highway ahead is under construction; we have to take a detour. +
-    * Analysis: A practical sentence about a common situation when driving. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 节假日期间，通往景区的**公路**总是很堵。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jiéjiàrì qījiān, tōngwǎng jǐngqū de **gōnglù** zǒngshì hěn dǔ. +
-    * English: During holidays, the highways leading to scenic spots are always very congested. +
-    * Analysis: This links **公路** with the common experience of traffic jams (堵车 dǔchē) during peak travel times. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 中国有句老话：“要想富，先修路”，意思就是**公路**对经济很重要。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhōngguó yǒu jù lǎohuà: “Yào xiǎng fù, xiān xiū lù”, yìsi jiùshì **gōnglù** duì jīngjì hěn zhòngyào. +
-    * English: There's an old saying in China: "If you want to get rich, first build roads," which means highways are very important for the economy. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence directly explains the cultural proverb and connects it back to the meaning of **公路**. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The biggest pitfall for English speakers is not distinguishing **公路 (gōnglù)** from its more specific subtypes. +
-  * **Mistake 1: Treating 公路 (gōnglù) and 高速公路 (gāosù gōnglù) as identical.** +
-    * A **公路 (gōnglù)** is any public highway. It might have traffic lights, intersections, and lower speed limits. +
-    * A **高速公路 (gāosù gōnglù)** is specifically a high-speed, controlled-access expressway or freeway, almost always with tolls (收费站 shōufèizhàn). +
-    * **Incorrect:** 如果你想开快车，随便找一条**公路**就行。(If you want to drive fast, just find any gōnglù.) +
-    * **Reasoning:** This is wrong and dangerous. A regular **公路** may not be safe for high speeds. +
-    * **Correct:** 如果你想开快车，你应该上**高速公路**。(If you want to drive fast, you should get on the expressway.) +
-  * **Mistake 2: Using 公路 (gōnglù) for a small city street.** +
-    * **公路 (gōnglù)** implies a larger road, usually connecting different areas. For a street inside a city, especially one with shops and many intersections, you should use **街 (jiē)** or the general term **路 (lù)**. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我家门口的**公路**很窄。(The highway in front of my house is very narrow.) +
-    * **Reasoning:** This sounds strange, as if you live right on a major highway. +
-    * **Correct:** 我家门口的**路**很窄。(The road/street in front of my house is very narrow.) +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[高速公路]] (gāosù gōnglù) - Expressway / Freeway. A specific, high-speed, and often tolled type of **公路**. +
-  * [[国道]] (guódào) - National Highway. A highway designated and maintained by the national government, prefixed with 'G'. A type of **公路**. +
-  * [[省道]] (shěngdào) - Provincial Highway. A highway managed at the provincial level, prefixed with 'S'. Another type of **公路**. +
-  * [[马路]] (mǎlù) - Road / Street. A very common and slightly more colloquial term for a road. Literally "horse road," it's often interchangeable with **路**. +
-  * [[路]] (lù) - Road / Path. The most generic character and word for a road. It's the building block for all other road-related terms. +
-  * [[道路]] (dàolù) - Roadway / Path. A more formal or literary term for "road," often seen in written signs or official documents. +
-  * [[街]] (jiē) - Street. Specifically refers to a street within a town or city, typically lined with buildings. +
-  * [[立交桥]] (lìjiāoqiáo) - Overpass / Flyover. An interchange structure commonly found on a complex **公路**. +
-  * [[堵车]] (dǔchē) - Traffic Jam. A phenomenon frequently experienced on any busy **公路**. +
-  * [[自驾游]] (zìjiàyóu) - Self-driving Tour / Road Trip. A popular activity that relies on the **公路** network.+