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- | ====== kùn: 困 - Sleepy, Drowsy; Trapped, Stranded; Difficult, Hardship ====== | + | |
- | ===== Quick Summary ===== | + | |
- | * **Keywords: | + | |
- | * **Summary: | + | |
- | ===== Core Meaning ===== | + | |
- | * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** kùn | + | |
- | * **Part of Speech:** Adjective, Verb | + | |
- | * **HSK Level:** HSK 2 (as " | + | |
- | * **Concise Definition: | + | |
- | * **In a Nutshell:** The character **困 (kùn)** is built around the idea of being "boxed in." Imagine a tree growing inside a box—it can't move or grow freely. This single image perfectly captures all of its meanings: your mind is "boxed in" by fatigue when you're **sleepy**; your car is "boxed in" by a snowstorm when you're **trapped**; | + | |
- | ===== Character Breakdown ===== | + | |
- | * **困 (kùn)** is a classic example of a Chinese character whose meaning is clear from its components. | + | |
- | * **囗 (wéi):** The outer radical is an **enclosure** or a **box**. It represents boundaries, limits, and restriction. | + | |
- | * **木 (mù):** The inner radical is a **tree**. It represents life, growth, and nature. | + | |
- | * When you put a **tree (木)** inside an **enclosure (囗)**, you get **困 (kùn)**. The tree is restricted, stuck, and unable to flourish. This powerful visual metaphor extends to all the word's modern meanings. | + | |
- | ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== | + | |
- | * While "being sleepy" | + | |
- | * **Comparison to Western Culture:** In English, one might say they' | + | |
- | ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== | + | |
- | * **1. Expressing " | + | |
- | * This is the most common and informal use of **困 (kùn)**. It's something you'll hear and use daily. | + | |
- | * It directly describes the feeling of needing to sleep. | + | |
- | * Example: **我困了 (wǒ kùn le)** - " | + | |
- | * **2. Describing Being " | + | |
- | * This is the literal interpretation of the character. It's used for being physically confined or stuck. | + | |
- | * It can apply to people, animals, or vehicles. | + | |
- | * Example: **我被困在电梯里了 (wǒ bèi kùn zài diàntī lǐ le)** - " | + | |
- | * **3. Indicating " | + | |
- | * **困 (kùn)** is rarely used alone to mean " | + | |
- | * **困难 (kùnnán): | + | |
- | * **贫困 (pínkùn): | + | |
- | * **困惑 (kùnhuò): | + | |
- | ===== Example Sentences ===== | + | |
- | * **Example 1:** | + | |
- | * 我今天特别**困**,因为我昨晚没睡好。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Wǒ jīntiān tèbié **kùn**, yīnwèi wǒ zuówǎn méi shuì hǎo. | + | |
- | * English: I'm especially sleepy today because I didn't sleep well last night. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This is the most common, everyday use of **困** as an adjective meaning " | + | |
- | * **Example 2:** | + | |
- | * 你**困**不**困**?要不要喝杯咖啡? | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Nǐ **kùn** bu **kùn**? Yào bu yào hē bēi kāfēi? | + | |
- | * English: Are you sleepy? Do you want a cup of coffee? | + | |
- | * Analysis: This shows the common A-not-A question format (adjective + 不 + adjective) used to ask a yes/no question. | + | |
- | * **Example 3:** | + | |
- | * 大雪过后,很多车辆被**困**在高速公路上。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Dàxuě guòhòu, hěn duō chēliàng bèi **kùn** zài gāosù gōnglù shàng. | + | |
- | * English: After the heavy snow, many vehicles were stranded on the highway. | + | |
- | * Analysis: Here, **困** is used as a verb in a passive structure (**被 bèi**) to mean " | + | |
- | * **Example 4:** | + | |
- | * 我被这个问题**困**住了,想了半天也没想出来。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Wǒ bèi zhège wèntí **kùn** zhù le, xiǎng le bàntiān yě méi xiǎng chūlái. | + | |
- | * English: I'm stuck on this problem; I thought about it for a long time but couldn' | + | |
- | * Analysis: A fantastic example of **困** used figuratively. You are mentally " | + | |
- | * **Example 5:** | + | |
- | * 这个项目的技术**困难**非常大。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Zhège xiàngmù de jìshù **kùnnán** fēicháng dà. | + | |
- | * English: The technical difficulties of this project are immense. | + | |
- | * Analysis: Here, **困难 (kùnnán)** is used as a noun meaning " | + | |
- | * **Example 6:** | + | |
- | * 如果你生活有**困难**,一定要告诉我们。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ shēnghuó yǒu **kùnnán**, | + | |
- | * English: If you are having difficulties in life, you must tell us. | + | |
- | * Analysis: Another example of **困难 (kùnnán)** as a noun, this time referring to financial or life hardships. | + | |
- | * **Example 7:** | + | |
- | * 他来自一个**贫困**的家庭,但是他非常努力。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Tā láizì yī ge **pínkùn** de jiātíng, dànshì tā fēicháng nǔlì. | + | |
- | * English: He comes from an impoverished family, but he works very hard. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This shows the compound **贫困 (pínkùn)**, | + | |
- | * **Example 8:** | + | |
- | * 他的解释让我感到非常**困惑**。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Tā de jiěshì ràng wǒ gǎndào fēicháng **kùnhuò**. | + | |
- | * English: His explanation made me feel very confused. | + | |
- | * Analysis: The compound **困惑 (kùnhuò)** describes being mentally " | + | |
- | * **Example 9:** | + | |
- | * 我们必须想办法帮助公司走出**困境**。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū xiǎng bànfǎ bāngzhù gōngsī zǒuchū **kùnjìng**. | + | |
- | * English: We must find a way to help the company get out of its predicament. | + | |
- | * Analysis: **困境 (kùnjìng)** is a noun meaning " | + | |
- | * **Example 10:** | + | |
- | * 上课的时候,他总是打瞌睡,因为他太**困**了。 | + | |
- | * Pinyin: Shàngkè de shíhou, tā zǒngshì dǎ kēshuì, yīnwèi tā tài **kùn** le. | + | |
- | * English: During class, he is always dozing off because he is too sleepy. | + | |
- | * Analysis: This sentence connects the state of being **困 (kùn)** to the action of **打瞌睡 (dǎ kēshuì)**, | + | |
- | ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== | + | |
- | * **困 (kùn) vs. 累 (lèi): The BIGGEST Mistake!** | + | |
- | * This is the most common point of confusion for learners. They are not interchangeable. | + | |
- | * **困 (kùn):** Sleepy, drowsy. This is about your **mind** and your eyes wanting to close. You feel **困** after staying up all night. | + | |
- | * **累 (lèi):** Tired, fatigued. This is about your **body** feeling exhausted and sore. You feel **累** after running a marathon or a long day of physical labor. | + | |
- | * You can be both at the same time, but they describe different feelings. | + | |
- | * **Correct: | + | |
- | * **Correct: | + | |
- | * **Incorrect: | + | |
- | * **Don' | + | |
- | * A learner might try to say "This job is very difficult" | + | |
- | * **困** as a standalone adjective almost exclusively means " | + | |
- | * **Correct: | + | |
- | * **Incorrect: | + | |
- | ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== | + | |
- | * [[le tired|累]] (lèi) - The crucial counterpart to **困**. Describes physical fatigue (" | + | |
- | * [[kunnan|困难]] (kùnnán) - The most common word for " | + | |
- | * [[kunjing|困境]] (kùnjìng) - A more formal and serious noun for a " | + | |
- | * [[kunhuo|困惑]] (kùnhuò) - To be perplexed or confused. Your mind is " | + | |
- | * [[pinkun|贫困]] (pínkùn) - A specific type of hardship: poverty. Means " | + | |
- | * [[kunshou|困兽]] (kùnshòu) - A " | + | |
- | * [[da keshui|打瞌睡]] (dǎ kēshuì) - The action that results from being **困**. It means "to doze off" or "to nod off." | + |