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--- 希望 [2025/08/03 22:14] – 创建 xiaoer
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-====== xīwàng: 希望 - Hope, Wish, To Hope For ======
-===== Quick Summary =====
-  * **Keywords:** xīwàng, 希望, hope in Chinese, wish in Chinese, how to say hope in Mandarin, meaning of xiwang, Chinese word for hope, hope vs wish in Chinese, 希望 grammar, 希望 examples, HSK 3 vocabulary.
-  * **Summary:** An essential word for any learner, **希望 (xīwàng)** is the primary Chinese term for "hope" and "wish." It functions as both a verb ("to hope for") and a noun ("a hope"), making it incredibly versatile. From expressing simple desires like "I hope you have a good day" to conveying profound aspirations for the future, understanding **xīwàng** is key to communicating your feelings and dreams in Mandarin Chinese. This guide breaks down its meaning, cultural significance, and practical use with clear examples.
-===== Core Meaning =====
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** xīwàng
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb, Noun
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3
-  * **Concise Definition:** To hope, to wish; a hope or a wish.
-  * **In a Nutshell:** `希望` is the most common and direct way to express a desire for a future outcome. It's a foundational word that captures the feeling of positive expectation. Think of it as the go-to term whenever you would say "I hope..." or talk about "a hope" in English. It's generally optimistic but grounded in reality, less fanciful than a "dream" and less intense than a "craving."
-===== Character Breakdown =====
-  * **希 (xī):** This character's original meaning is "rare" or "scarce." By extension, it came to mean "to hope for" something that is not common or easily obtained.
-  * **望 (wàng):** This is a pictograph of a person standing tall and gazing into the distance (the top part represents a person looking, the bottom part a high place or standing). It means "to gaze," "to look forward to," or "to expect."
-  * **Combined Meaning:** The characters together, **希望 (xīwàng)**, create a powerful image: "to gaze into the distance, hoping for something rare or precious." It beautifully combines the act of looking toward the future (望) with the desire for a positive, specific outcome (希).
-===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
-  * In Chinese culture, `希望` is deeply connected to values of perseverance, family, and education. It's not just a passive emotion but often implies an aspiration that one works towards. A classic cultural concept is **望子成龙 (wàng zǐ chéng lóng)**, which literally means "to hope one's son becomes a dragon." This idiom encapsulates the immense hope parents place on their children to achieve great success through hard work and education.
-  * **Comparison with "Hope" in English:** While functionally very similar, the cultural weight of `希望` can feel more tangible and long-term than the English "hope." In a Western context, "hope" can sometimes be abstract or even a form of wishful thinking. In China, `希望` is often the driving force behind practical, multi-generational efforts, such as saving for a child's university education or working hard to improve the family's standing. It is the fuel for pragmatic ambition.
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
-  * `希望` is an everyday word used across all levels of formality.
-  * **As a Verb (to hope):** This is its most common usage. It's typically followed by a clause explaining what one hopes for.
-    *   Informal: `我希望明天不下雨。` (Wǒ xīwàng míngtiān bù xià yǔ.) - I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.
-    *   Formal: `我们希望双方能达成合作。` (Wǒmen xīwàng shuāngfāng néng dáchéng hézuò.) - We hope our two sides can reach a cooperative agreement.
-  * **As a Noun (a hope):** When used as a noun, it often refers to a specific hope or the concept of hope itself. It can be a subject or an object.
-    *   `他是我唯一的希望。` (Tā shì wǒ wéiyī de xīwàng.) - He is my only hope.
-    *   `不要放弃希望。` (Bùyào fàngqì xīwàng.) - Don't give up hope.
-===== Example Sentences =====
-  * **Example 1:**
-    * 我**希望**你一切顺利。
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ **xīwàng** nǐ yīqiè shùnlì.
-    * English: I hope everything goes smoothly for you.
-    * Analysis: A very common and kind phrase used to wish someone well, for example, before a trip, a new job, or an exam. `一切顺利` is a set phrase for "everything goes smoothly."
-  * **Example 2:**
-    * 只要还有**希望**，我们就不能放弃。
-    * Pinyin: Zhǐyào hái yǒu **xīwàng**, wǒmen jiù bùnéng fàngqì.
-    * English: As long as there is still hope, we cannot give up.
-    * Analysis: Here, `希望` is used as a noun meaning "the concept of hope." The `只要...就...` (zhǐyào...jiù...) structure means "as long as...then...".
-  * **Example 3:**
-    * 孩子们是国家的未来和**希望**。
-    * Pinyin: Háizimen shì guójiā de wèilái hé **xīwàng**.
-    * English: Children are the future and hope of the country.
-    * Analysis: Another example of `希望` as a noun. This is a common sentiment expressed in formal speeches or educational contexts.
-  * **Example 4:**
-    * 我**希望**我的中文能说得更流利。
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ **xīwàng** wǒ de Zhōngwén néng shuō de gèng liúlì.
-    * English: I hope I can speak Chinese more fluently.
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates `希望` used to express a personal aspiration or goal. The clause after `希望` details the desired outcome.
-  * **Example 5:**
-    * 他的病好了，家人又看到了**希望**。
-    * Pinyin: Tā de bìng hǎo le, jiārén yòu kàn dào le **xīwàng**.
-    * English: His illness is cured, and his family saw hope again.
-    * Analysis: `看到希望` (kàndào xīwàng) literally means "to see hope," a common collocation used when a situation improves.
-  * **Example 6:**
-    * 你最大的**希望**是什么？
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ zuìdà de **xīwàng** shì shénme?
-    * English: What is your biggest hope?
-    * Analysis: A good example of how to use `希望` as a noun in a question. `最大的` means "the biggest."
-  * **Example 7:**
-    * **希望**你能考虑一下我的建议。
-    * Pinyin: **Xīwàng** nǐ néng kǎolǜ yīxià wǒ de jiànyì.
-    * English: I hope you can consider my suggestion.
-    * Analysis: The subject `我` (I) is often omitted before `希望` in spoken Chinese, making the sentence more concise. It's a polite way to make a request.
-  * **Example 8:**
-    * 情况很糟糕，我们几乎没有**希望**了。
-    * Pinyin: Qíngkuàng hěn zāogāo, wǒmen jīhū méiyǒu **xīwàng** le.
-    * English: The situation is terrible, we have almost no hope left.
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates the negative form, `没有希望` (méiyǒu xīwàng), meaning "to have no hope." The `了` (le) at the end indicates a change of state.
-  * **Example 9:**
-    * 我**希望**他不是在开玩笑。
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ **xīwàng** tā bùshì zài kāiwánxiào.
-    * English: I hope he's not kidding.
-    * Analysis: Shows `希望` used to express a desire about a present situation, not just a future one. It conveys a sense of uncertainty and wanting a particular reality to be true.
-  * **Example 10:**
-    * 这次考试，我**希望**能考到九十分以上。
-    * Pinyin: Zhè cì kǎoshì, wǒ **xīwàng** néng kǎo dào jiǔshí fēn yǐshàng.
-    * English: For this exam, I hope to be able to score above 90.
-    * Analysis: A perfect example of expressing a specific, measurable goal using `希望`.
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
-  * **`希望 (xīwàng)` vs. `盼望 (pànwàng)`:** This is a key nuance. `希望` is a general hope. `盼望 (pànwàng)` implies a much stronger, more emotional, and eager sense of looking forward to something. You would `盼望` a loved one's return after a long absence, but you would `希望` for good weather tomorrow. Using `盼望` for a casual hope sounds overly dramatic.
-    *   **Correct:** 我**希望**明天是晴天。(Wǒ xīwàng míngtiān shì qíngtiān.) - I hope tomorrow is sunny.
-    *   **Incorrect (Overly Emotional):** 我盼望明天是晴天。(Wǒ pànwàng míngtiān shì qíngtiān.)
-  * **`希望 (xīwàng)` vs. `想 (xiǎng)`:** Beginners often confuse `希望` with `想 (xiǎng)`. `想` means "to want" or "to think" and expresses a direct personal desire or intention. `希望` expresses a wish for an outcome that may be outside of your direct control.
-    *   `我想去中国。` (Wǒ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó.) - I want to go to China. (Expresses a personal desire/plan).
-    *   `我希望你能来。` (Wǒ xīwàng nǐ néng lái.) - I hope you can come. (Expresses a wish about someone else's actions. Using `我想你来` sounds more demanding, like "I want you to come.")
-===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
-  * [[盼望]] (pànwàng) - To look forward to eagerly; a more emotional and intense version of `希望`.
-  * [[愿望]] (yuànwàng) - A wish, a desire (often a noun). Used for things like birthday wishes or deep-seated desires.
-  * [[渴望]] (kěwàng) - To thirst for, to crave. This is a very strong, almost physical desire for something. Stronger than `希望`.
-  * [[梦想]] (mèngxiǎng) - A dream, an aspiration. Refers to bigger, often life-long ambitions.
-  * [[期待]] (qīdài) - To look forward to, to anticipate. Similar to `盼望` but can be less emotional and more related to a planned event.
-  * [[指望]] (zhǐwàng) - To count on, to rely on. Implies a level of dependency on someone or something to achieve an outcome.
-  * [[绝望]] (juéwàng) - Despair, hopelessness. The direct antonym of `希望`.
-  * [[祝愿]] (zhùyuàn) - To wish someone well, a blessing (noun/verb). What you //give// someone else (e.g., "Best wishes!"). `希望` is what you //feel// internally.