开朗

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开朗 [2025/08/13 04:21] – created xiaoer开朗 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== kāilǎng: 开朗 - Cheerful, Outgoing, Open-minded ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** kailang, 开朗, how to say cheerful in Chinese, meaning of kailang, Chinese word for outgoing, open-minded in Chinese, Chinese personality traits, 性格开朗 (xìnggé kāilǎng), kailan, kai lang +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese adjective **开朗 (kāilǎng)**, used to describe a person's cheerful, outgoing, and open-minded personality. This comprehensive guide breaks down the characters, explores the deep cultural value placed on this trait, and provides numerous practical examples to help you use **开朗 (kāilǎng)** naturally to describe people in job interviews, social situations, and daily conversation. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** kāilǎng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Describes a person's personality as being cheerful, outgoing, frank, and optimistic. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **开朗 (kāilǎng)** isn't just about a temporary mood like "happy." It describes a fundamental, stable personality trait. Think of someone who is emotionally open, sees the bright side of life, and is generally easy to talk to and be around. In Chinese culture, being **开朗** is a highly positive and desirable quality, suggesting a person is well-adjusted, friendly, and not prone to negativity or gloominess. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **开 (kāi):** The core meaning of this character is **"to open," "to start," or "unlatch."** Think of opening a door (开门 - kāi mén) or turning on a light (开灯 - kāi dēng). It implies a state of being unblocked and accessible. +
-  * **朗 (lǎng):** This character means **"bright," "clear," or "light."** It's often used to describe a clear sky (晴朗 - qínglǎng) or a loud, clear voice (朗读 - lǎngdú, to read aloud). It evokes a sense of clarity and brightness. +
-When combined, **开 (open) + 朗 (bright) = 开朗 (kāilǎng)** creates a powerful metaphor for a personality. A **开朗** person has an "open and bright" disposition. Their heart is not closed off, and their spirit is not dark or gloomy. They are emotionally transparent and full of light. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese culture, having a **开朗** personality is considered a major virtue. It goes beyond simply being an "extrovert" in the Western sense. +
-  * **Comparison to "Extrovert":** An extrovert is primarily defined by where they get their energy—from social interaction. While a **开朗** person is often sociable, the term focuses more on their **inner disposition** and **emotional state**. A person can be relatively quiet but still considered **开朗** if they are optimistic, approachable, and emotionally open. Conversely, someone could be talkative but still be seen as negative or scheming, and thus not **开朗**. +
-  * **Social Harmony:** The concept is deeply tied to the cultural value of social harmony (和谐 - héxié). A **开朗** person is seen as easy to get along with, non-confrontational, and a positive force in a group, whether in a family or an office. They don't hold grudges and are straightforward in their dealings. +
-  * **Desirability:** Because of these positive associations, **性格开朗 (xìnggé kāilǎng - "a cheerful and outgoing personality")** is one of the most common and powerful positive descriptors for a person. You will frequently see it listed as a requirement in job descriptions or as a desired trait in dating profiles. It signals that a person is low-maintenance, positive, and a good team player or partner. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**开朗** is used almost exclusively to describe people and is always a compliment. +
-  * **Describing Personality:** This is its primary function. It's one of the first words you'd learn to describe someone's positive character. +
-    * e.g., "我的朋友很**开朗**。" (Wǒ de péngyou hěn kāilǎng.) - "My friend is very cheerful/outgoing." +
-  * **Resumes and Job Interviews (简历和面试):** It's a key "soft skill" to highlight on a Chinese resume (简历 - jiǎnlì). Stating your **性格开朗** suggests you are adaptable, work well in teams, and can handle pressure with a positive attitude. +
-  * **Dating and Social Contexts (交友和社交):** When describing an ideal partner, being **开朗** is often at the top of the list. It implies the person is fun, emotionally stable, and easy to build a relationship with. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 她是一个性格非常**开朗**的女孩，总是在笑。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì yí ge xìnggé fēicháng **kāilǎng** de nǚhái, zǒngshì zài xiào. +
-    * English: She is a girl with a very cheerful personality; she's always smiling. +
-    * Analysis: A classic example of describing someone's fundamental character using **性格 (xìnggé)** + **开朗**. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 他的**开朗**和乐观感染了我们每一个人。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de **kāilǎng** hé lèguān gǎnrǎn le wǒmen měi yí ge rén. +
-    * English: His cheerfulness and optimism influenced every one of us. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **开朗** is used as a noun ("cheerfulness") to describe a quality that has an effect on others. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 我希望我的新同事是**开朗**大方的人，这样比较容易合作。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ xīwàng wǒ de xīn tóngshì shì **kāilǎng** dàfāng de rén, zhèyàng bǐjiào róngyì hézuò. +
-    * English: I hope my new colleague is an outgoing and generous person; it's easier to cooperate that way. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the practical application of the term in a work context. It's often paired with **大方 (dàfāng)**, meaning poised or generous. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 刚来中国的时候他很内向，现在变得**开朗**多了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gāng lái Zhōngguó de shíhou tā hěn nèixiàng, xiànzài biànde **kāilǎng** duō le. +
-    * English: When he first came to China, he was very introverted, but now he has become much more outgoing. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence effectively contrasts **开朗** with its antonym, **内向 (nèixiàng - introverted)**, showing a change in personality over time. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 找工作的时候，简历上可以写自己“性格**开朗**，有责任心”。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhǎo gōngzuò de shíhou, jiǎnlì shàng kěyǐ xiě zìjǐ "xìnggé **kāilǎng**, yǒu zérènxīn". +
-    * English: When looking for a job, you can write on your resume that you "have a cheerful personality and a sense of responsibility." +
-    * Analysis: This is a highly practical sentence, showing exactly how the term is used in a real-world scenario like writing a resume. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 你应该多出去走走，心情会**开朗**一些。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ yīnggāi duō chūqù zǒuzǒu, xīnqíng huì **kāilǎng** yìxiē. +
-    * English: You should get out more; it will brighten your mood. +
-    * Analysis: While **开朗** usually describes a stable personality, here it's used to describe a change in one's mood or spirit (心情) toward a more open and bright state. It's more profound than just becoming "happy." +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 他的父母都很**开朗**，所以家庭气氛总是很轻松。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de fùmǔ dōu hěn **kāilǎng**, suǒyǐ jiātíng qìfēn zǒngshì hěn qīngsōng. +
-    * English: His parents are both very cheerful, so the family atmosphere is always very relaxed. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates how the **开朗** trait of individuals can shape the environment of a larger group, like a family. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 别看他平时话不多，其实他心里很**开朗**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bié kàn tā píngshí huà bù duō, qíshí tā xīnli hěn **kāilǎng**. +
-    * English: Don't be fooled by how little he usually talks; actually, he's very open-minded and cheerful on the inside. +
-    * Analysis: This is a crucial sentence for understanding the nuance. It separates being **开朗** (an inner state of brightness) from being talkative. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 保持**开朗**的心态对身体健康有好处。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bǎochí **kāilǎng** de xīntài duì shēntǐ jiànkāng yǒu hǎochu. +
-    * English: Maintaining a cheerful and open-minded attitude is good for your health. +
-    * Analysis: This shows **开朗** modifying **心态 (xīntài - mentality/state of mind)**, linking it to health and wellness concepts. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 你觉得什么样的人最**开朗**？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ juéde shénme yàng de rén zuì **kāilǎng**? +
-    * English: What kind of person do you think is the most cheerful/outgoing? +
-    * Analysis: A great conversational question that invites someone to describe the characteristics they associate with a **开朗** personality. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`开朗 (kāilǎng)` vs. `开心 (kāixīn)` - The Biggest Mistake:** This is the most common point of confusion for learners. +
-    * **`开朗 (kāilǎng)`:** A long-term personality trait (cheerful, outgoing). It describes who you **are**. +
-    * **`开心 (kāixīn)`:** A temporary emotional state (happy, glad). It describes how you **feel right now**. +
-    * **Correct:** 他是一个很**开朗**的人。(Tā shì yí ge hěn **kāilǎng** de rén.) - He is a very cheerful person. +
-    * **Correct:** 他今天很**开心**。(Tā jīntiān hěn **kāixīn**.) - He is very happy today. +
-    * **Incorrect:** ~~他今天很开朗。~~ (Tā jīntiān hěn kāilǎng.) - This is grammatically awkward. You wouldn't say someone's personality is cheerful just for one day. You should use **开心 (kāixīn)** instead. +
-  * **Not Just "Talkative":** Do not equate **开朗** with being loud or the "life of the party." As shown in Example 8, a person can be quiet yet still be considered **开朗** if they are optimistic, approachable, and emotionally open. It's about their inner "brightness." +
-  * **Only for People (and sometimes moods):** You cannot use **开朗** to describe things or situations. You wouldn't say a party was **开朗**. You would say it was **热闹 (rènào - lively, bustling)**. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[外向]] (wàixiàng) - Extroverted. This is a more direct translation of the Western psychological term. It focuses more on social behavior than the inner state of **开朗**. +
-  * [[内向]] (nèixiàng) - Introverted. The direct antonym of **外向** and the functional antonym of **开朗**. +
-  * [[活泼]] (huópō) - Lively, active, vivacious. Often used to describe children, young people, or even animals. It implies more physical energy than **开朗**. +
-  * [[乐观]] (lèguān) - Optimistic. This describes a hopeful outlook on the future. A **开朗** person is almost always **乐观**, but **乐观** focuses specifically on one's perspective. +
-  * [[阳光]] (yángguāng) - Sunshine. A very popular modern slang term used to describe someone with a "sunny" disposition. It's very close in meaning to **开朗** and is a high compliment. +
-  * [[大方]] (dàfāng) - Generous; poised; natural and at ease. Often used alongside **开朗** to describe someone with great social grace. A **开朗** person is usually also **大方**. +
-  * [[性格]] (xìnggé) - Personality, character. The noun that **开朗** most frequently modifies, as in **性格开朗**.+