悲观

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悲观 [2025/08/03 23:38] – created xiaoer悲观 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== bēiguān: 悲观 - Pessimistic, Pessimism ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** beiguan, 悲观, pessimistic in Chinese, pessimism in Chinese, Chinese word for negative outlook, how to say pessimistic in Mandarin, 悲观 meaning, negative attitude, Chinese vocabulary, HSK 5 +
-  * **Summary:** Learn the Chinese word for "pessimistic," **悲观 (bēiguān)**. This DokuWiki entry provides a deep dive into its meaning, character breakdown, and cultural context. Discover how to use **bēiguān** correctly in conversation with over 10 practical example sentences, understand its nuances compared to words like "sad," and explore related terms like its direct opposite, **乐观 (lèguān)**, or "optimistic." This is an essential guide for any learner wanting to express a negative outlook or a pessimistic attitude in Mandarin Chinese. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** bēiguān +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective / Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** To be pessimistic or to hold a negative outlook on the future. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **悲观 (bēiguān)** is the go-to word in Chinese for describing a person, attitude, or viewpoint that expects the worst. It's the direct opposite of being optimistic (`乐观 lèguān`). Think of it as the mindset of seeing the glass as half-empty. It describes a general tendency to focus on the negative aspects of situations and to believe that bad outcomes are likely. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **悲 (bēi):** This character means "sadness," "sorrow," or "grief." Its components, 非 (fēi - not, wrong) over 心 (xīn - heart), can be pictured as a "heart that is not right," capturing a feeling of profound sadness or negativity. +
-  * **观 (guān):** This character means "to look at," "to observe," or a "view/outlook." You can see the character 见 (jiàn - to see) on the right side, emphasizing the act of seeing or one's perspective. +
-  * When combined, **悲观 (bēiguān)** literally translates to a "sad view" or a "sorrowful outlook." This beautiful and logical combination perfectly captures the modern meaning of pessimism. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-While not a complex philosophical concept, **悲观 (bēiguān)** carries specific social weight in modern China. Contemporary Chinese culture, particularly in official narratives and the corporate world, heavily promotes **乐观 (lèguān - optimism)** and **奋斗 (fèndòu - to struggle/strive)**. A positive, can-do attitude is seen as crucial for both personal success and national progress. +
-Consequently, openly expressing a **悲观 (bēiguān)** attitude can be viewed negatively. It might be interpreted not just as a personal feeling, but as a lack of resilience, a poor mindset (`心态不好 xīntài bù hǎo`), or even as being demoralizing to others. +
-This contrasts with some Western contexts where "defensive pessimism" or "stoic realism" can be seen as a pragmatic strategy for preparing for negative outcomes. In China, while people obviously feel pessimistic at times, expressing it too strongly in a professional or public setting is often discouraged. It's more of a private feeling or something shared among close friends. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**悲观 (bēiguān)** is a common word used in a variety of contexts, almost always with a negative connotation. +
-  * **As an Adjective:** This is the most common usage, describing a person or their thoughts. +
-    * e.g., 他是一个很**悲观**的人。 (Tā shì yī gè hěn bēiguān de rén.) - He is a very pessimistic person. +
-  * **As a Noun:** It can refer to the abstract concept of "pessimism." +
-    * e.g., 我们要克服**悲观**情绪。 (Wǒmen yào kèfú bēiguān qíngxù.) - We must overcome the feeling of pessimism. +
-  * **Formality:** The word itself is neutral in formality and can be used in casual conversation, written articles, and business discussions. The key is the context; expressing it might be informal, but discussing it can be formal. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 你为什么总是这么**悲观**？世界没那么糟糕。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ wèishéme zǒngshì zhème **bēiguān**? Shìjiè méi nàme zāogāo. +
-    * English: Why are you always so pessimistic? The world isn't that bad. +
-    * Analysis: A very common, conversational way to challenge someone's negative outlook. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 我对这次考试的结果感到很**悲观**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ duì zhè cì kǎoshì de jiéguǒ gǎndào hěn **bēiguān**. +
-    * English: I feel very pessimistic about the result of this exam. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `悲观` is used to describe a feeling about a specific, future event, not a general personality trait. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 别太**悲观**了，事情总会有解决的办法。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bié tài **bēiguān** le, shìqing zǒng huì yǒu jiějué de bànfǎ. +
-    * English: Don't be too pessimistic, there's always a solution to be found. +
-    * Analysis: This is a classic sentence of encouragement, directly telling someone to change their `悲观` mindset. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 经济学家对明年的市场前景持**悲观**态度。 +
-    * Pinyin: Jīngjìxuéjiā duì míngnián de shìchǎng qiánjǐng chí **bēiguān** tàidù. +
-    * English: Economists hold a pessimistic attitude towards next year's market prospects. +
-    * Analysis: This shows a more formal usage. 持...态度 (chí...tàidù) means "to hold an attitude of..." +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他的**悲观**情绪影响了整个团队的士气。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā de **bēiguān** qíngxù yǐngxiǎng le zhěnggè tuánduì de shìqì. +
-    * English: His pessimism affected the morale of the entire team. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `悲观` is used as a noun, modified by `情绪 (qíngxù - mood/feeling)`. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 与其**悲观**地等待，不如积极地寻找机会。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yǔqí **bēiguān** de děngdài, bùrú jījí de xúnzhǎo jīhuì. +
-    * English: Rather than waiting pessimistically, it's better to actively look for opportunities. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence structure `与其 A, 不如 B` ("rather than A, it's better to B") is great for contrasting a `悲观` approach with a proactive one. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我不是**悲观**，我只是比较现实。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ bù shì **bēiguān**, wǒ zhǐshì bǐjiào xiànshí. +
-    * English: I'm not pessimistic, I'm just being realistic. +
-    * Analysis: A common defense for people who are accused of being pessimistic. This highlights the subjective nature of the label. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 在困难面前，我们不能有任何**悲观**的想法。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài kùnnán miànqián, wǒmen bù néng yǒu rènhé **bēiguān** de xiǎngfǎ. +
-    * English: In the face of difficulties, we cannot have any pessimistic thoughts. +
-    * Analysis: This shows `悲观` used to modify a noun, `想法 (xiǎngfǎ - idea/thought)`. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 医生的话让他陷入了深深的**悲观**之中。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīshēng de huà ràng tā xiànrù le shēnshēn de **bēiguān** zhī zhōng. +
-    * English: The doctor's words caused him to fall into a deep pessimism. +
-    * Analysis: `悲观` is used as a noun here, representing a state or place one can "fall into" (`陷入...之中`). +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 他对自己的前途感到**悲观**，觉得自己找不到好工作。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā duì zìjǐ de qiántú gǎndào **bēiguān**, juéde zìjǐ zhǎo bù dào hǎo gōngzuò. +
-    * English: He feels pessimistic about his future prospects, thinking he won't be able to find a good job. +
-    * Analysis: A very practical example linking pessimism to a common source of anxiety: career prospects (`前途`). +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-A frequent mistake for learners is to confuse **悲观 (bēiguān)** with temporary states of sadness. +
-  *   **`悲观 (bēiguān)` vs. `难过 (nánguò)` / `伤心 (shāngxīn)`** +
-    *   **悲观 (bēiguān)** is an **outlook** or **mindset**. It's about how you view the future and the world in general. It's a lens through which you see things. +
-    *   **难过 (nánguò)** and **伤心 (shāngxīn)** are **emotions**. They are temporary feelings of sadness, usually caused by a specific, often recent, event. +
-  *   **Incorrect Usage Example:** +
-    *   **Wrong:** 我今天很**悲观**，因为我的猫生病了。(Wǒ jīntiān hěn bēiguān, yīnwèi wǒ de māo shēngbìng le.) +
-    *   **Why it's wrong:** "Being pessimistic" is a general outlook. A specific event like a pet being sick makes you feel "sad" or "worried," not fundamentally pessimistic for the day. +
-    *   **Correct:** 我今天很难过，因为我的猫生病了。(Wǒ jīntiān hěn nánguò, yīnwèi wǒ de māo shēngbìng le.) +
-You can be an optimistic person (`乐观的人`) but still feel sad (`难过`) when something bad happens. Conversely, a pessimistic person (`悲观的人`) might not feel sad at a given moment, but they will still expect things to turn out badly. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[乐观]] (lèguān) - The direct antonym of `悲观`. It means "optimistic" or "optimism." +
-  * [[消极]] (xiāojí) - "Negative; passive." A very close synonym. While `悲观` is the pessimistic thought or view, `消极` often describes the passive behavior or negative action that results from that view. +
-  * [[失望]] (shīwàng) - "To be disappointed; disappointment." This is an emotional reaction to a specific outcome that didn't meet expectations. A `悲观` person might expect to be `失望`. +
-  * [[绝望]] (juéwàng) - "To despair; hopelessness." This is a much stronger and more extreme form of `悲观`. It implies a complete loss of all hope, not just a negative tendency. +
-  * [[心态]] (xīntài) - "Mindset; mentality." This word is often used to describe whether someone is `悲观` or `乐观`. (e.g., 他的心态很健康 - Tā de xīntài hěn jiànkāng - "His mindset is very healthy.") +
-  * [[前途]] (qiántú) - "Future; prospects." A common topic that elicits either `悲观` or `乐观` feelings. (e.g., 对前途悲观 - duì qiántú bēiguān - "to be pessimistic about the future.") +
-  * [[郁闷]] (yùmèn) - "Gloomy; depressed; pent-up frustration." A common emotion associated with pessimism. It describes a feeling of being stuck, unhappy, and unable to vent.+