景观

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

景观 [2025/08/13 13:44] – created xiaoer景观 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
Line 1: Line 1:
-====== jǐngguān: 景观 - Landscape, Scenery ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** jǐngguān, 景观, Chinese landscape, scenery in Chinese, natural scenery, urban landscape, what does jingguan mean, Fengjing vs Jingguan, Chinese garden design, landscape architecture in Chinese, city view +
-  * **Summary:** **景观 (jǐngguān)** is a fundamental Chinese term for "landscape" or "scenery." It refers to the overall visual appearance of an area, encompassing everything from vast **natural scenery** like mountains and rivers to man-made environments like a city skyline, a park, or a carefully designed garden. More formal than the common word `风景 (fēngjǐng)`, `景观` is often used in contexts like **urban planning**, real estate, and tourism to describe the objective, observable features of a place, whether it's a **natural landscape** or a modern **city view**. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jǐngguān +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** The visual features of an area of land, including both natural and man-made elements. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of `景观` as the "observable view" of a place. It's a slightly more technical and objective term than its common cousin, `风景 (fēngjǐng)` (scenery). While `风景` captures the beautiful, often emotional feeling a tourist has looking at a sunset, `景观` is the word a city planner, architect, or geographer would use. It describes the composition of a view—be it a city's skyline, a planned garden, or a protected natural park. It's less about a fleeting moment of beauty and more about the enduring visual character of a space. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **景 (jǐng):** This character means "scenery," "view," or "sight." It's composed of 日 (rì), the sun, on top of 京 (jīng), the capital city. You can picture it as the grand view of the capital city under the sun—a truly impressive sight. +
-  * **观 (guān):** This character means "to look at," "to observe," or "a view." It contains the radical 见 (jiàn), which means "to see." This character emphasizes a deliberate act of looking or observing. +
-  * The two characters combine to mean "a view (景) to be observed (观)." This gives `景观` its specific flavor: it's not just a scene that exists, but one that is seen, studied, or intentionally designed for viewing. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * `景观` is deeply tied to the Chinese aesthetic appreciation for the environment, both natural and man-made. For millennia, Chinese culture has emphasized finding harmony (和谐, héxié) between humanity and nature, a principle reflected in its art and architecture. +
-  * **Landscape Painting & Gardens:** The concept is central to traditional landscape painting (山水画, shānshuǐhuà), which doesn't just replicate a view but captures its spirit. It's also the guiding principle behind the design of classical Chinese gardens (园林, yuánlín). These gardens are not simply collections of plants; they are miniature worlds, meticulously crafted landscapes with carefully constructed viewpoints, winding paths, and a balance of elements (rock, water, plants, buildings) designed to create a series of pleasing `景观`. +
-  * **Comparison to "Landscape":** In Western culture, "landscape" can sometimes evoke images of vast, untouched wilderness, a nature separate from humanity. While `景观` can refer to this, it's more often associated with a space where nature and human elements are thoughtfully integrated. The `观` (observation) component implies a human perspective is inherent to the concept. It's a landscape shaped by, or at least appreciated through, a human lens. A jagged, "wild" mountain might be considered beautiful, but a Chinese garden designer might see its potential to be part of a more harmonious `景观` by adding a pavilion at the perfect viewing spot. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * `景观` is a common and important word in modern, formal, and commercial contexts. +
-  * **Urban Planning and Real Estate:** This is where you'll see `景观` most often. Real estate developers will boast about a new building's "河景" (héjǐng - river view) or "海景" (hǎijǐng - sea view), which are types of `景观`. The term `城市景观` (chéngshì jǐngguān - urban landscape/cityscape) is used in official documents about city development. A residential community's planned green space is called its `小区景观` (xiǎoqū jǐngguān). +
-  * **Tourism and Environmental Protection:** National parks and scenic areas are promoted for their unique `自然景观` (zìrán jǐngguān - natural landscape) or `人文景观` (rénwén jǐngguān - cultural landscape, e.g., ancient temples in a forest). Environmental groups advocate for the protection of these landscapes. +
-  * **Formality:** `景观` is more formal and written than `风景` (fēngjǐng). You'd say "这里的风景很美" (The scenery here is beautiful) to your friend. You'd read "本公司专注于景观设计" (Our company specializes in landscape design) on a website. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 城市夜间的**景观**非常壮观。 +
-    * Pinyin: Chéngshì yèjiān de **jǐngguān** fēicháng zhuàngguān. +
-    * English: The city's nighttime landscape is magnificent. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `景观` refers to the entire cityscape, including lights, buildings, and the overall view. This is a typical use in an urban context. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 这个地区的喀斯特**景观**吸引了来自世界各地的游客。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège dìqū de kāsītè **jǐngguān** xīyǐnle láizì shìjiè gèdì de yóukè. +
-    * English: The karst landscape of this region attracts tourists from all over the world. +
-    * Analysis: `景观` is used here in a geographical sense to describe a specific type of natural landform. It's objective and descriptive. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 我们小区的**景观**设计得很好，有很多绿化。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen xiǎoqū de **jǐngguān** shèjì de hěn hǎo, yǒu hěnduō lǜhuà. +
-    * English: The landscape of our residential community is well-designed, with a lot of green space. +
-    * Analysis: This is a very common real-estate or homeowner context. `景观` refers to the planned environment of the community (gardens, paths, water features). +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 政府正在投资改善滨河**景观**带。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài tóuzī gǎishàn bīnhé **jǐngguān** dài. +
-    * English: The government is investing in improving the riverside landscape belt. +
-    * Analysis: A typical example from urban planning. `景观` is a formal term for the visual environment being developed. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 他是一位著名的**景观**设计师。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì yī wèi zhùmíng de **jǐngguān** shèjìshī. +
-    * English: He is a famous landscape architect. +
-    * Analysis: `景观` is part of the official job title for "landscape architect/designer," highlighting its technical and professional usage. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 保护历史文化**景观**是我们的责任。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bǎohù lìshǐ wénhuà **jǐngguān** shì wǒmen de zérèn. +
-    * English: It is our responsibility to protect historical and cultural landscapes. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how `景观` can be combined with `人文` (human culture) or `历史` (history) to refer to landscapes with significant heritage value. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 从这扇窗户看出去，**景观**一流。 +
-    * Pinyin: Cóng zhè shàn chuānghu kàn chūqù, **jǐngguān** yīliú. +
-    * English: The view (landscape) from this window is first-class. +
-    * Analysis: While conversational, using `景观` here sounds slightly more sophisticated or commercial (like a hotel description) than using `风景`. It emphasizes the quality of the "view as an asset." +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 糟糕的旅游开发破坏了当地的自然**景观**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zāogāo de lǚyóu kāifā pòhuàile dāngdì de zìrán **jǐngguān**. +
-    * English: Poor tourism development has damaged the local natural landscape. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence uses `景观` in the context of environmentalism and conservation, a very common and important usage. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 苏州园林以其精致的**景观**而闻名于世。 +
-    * Pinyin: Sūzhōu yuánlín yǐ qí jīngzhì de **jǐngguān** ér wénmíng yú shì. +
-    * English: The gardens of Suzhou are world-famous for their exquisite landscapes. +
-    * Analysis: This connects `景观` directly to the famous classical Chinese gardens, highlighting its use for meticulously crafted environments. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 乘坐高铁时，窗外的田园**景观**不断变化。 +
-    * Pinyin: Chéngzuò gāotiě shí, chuāngwài de tiányuán **jǐngguān** bùduàn biànhuà. +
-    * English: When riding the high-speed train, the pastoral landscape outside the window is constantly changing. +
-    * Analysis: This describes a specific type of landscape (`田园景观` - pastoral/countryside landscape) and its dynamic nature when viewed from a train. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **景观 (jǐngguān) vs. 风景 (fēngjǐng):** This is the most critical distinction for learners. +
-    * **风景 (fēngjǐng):** Scenery. It's personal, emotional, and often about natural beauty. It's the word you use when you're on vacation and want to say "What a beautiful view!" +
-    * **景观 (jǐngguān):** Landscape. It's more objective, technical, and can be natural or man-made. It's the word used to describe the visual composition of a place, like a city, a park, or a geographical region. `风景` is what you feel; `景观` is what you see and analyze. +
-  * **Common Mistake:** Overusing `景观` in casual conversation. +
-    * **Incorrect:** (A tourist taking a photo of a sunset) “这个**景观**太美了！” (This landscape is so beautiful!) +
-    * **Why it's awkward:** This sounds overly formal and technical, like an architect analyzing the scene rather than a person enjoying it. +
-    * **Correct:** “这个**风景**太美了！” (This scenery is so beautiful!) This is the natural and appropriate word for expressing personal appreciation of a beautiful view. Use `景观` when you are talking //about// the landscape as a feature (e.g., its design, its type, its value), not just when you are enjoying it. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * `[[风景]] (fēngjǐng)` - Scenery. The most common related term. It's more personal, subjective, and used more frequently in daily conversation. +
-  * `[[景色]] (jǐngsè)` - Scenery, view. A close synonym of `风景`, often interchangeable. It can sometimes feel a bit more literary. +
-  * `[[风光]] (fēngguāng)` - Scenery, sight. Similar to `风景`, but can carry a stronger connotation of grand, magnificent, or famous scenery. +
-  * `[[山水]] (shānshuǐ)` - Literally "mountain-water." Refers to the classic Chinese conception of a natural landscape and is the term for traditional landscape painting. +
-  * `[[园林]] (yuánlín)` - Garden, park. A type of man-made, highly curated `景观` central to Chinese aesthetics. +
-  * `[[城市景观]] (chéngshì jǐngguān)` - Urban landscape, cityscape. A specific and very common application of the term `景观`. +
-  * `[[自然景观]] (zìrán jǐngguān)` - Natural landscape. The counterpart to a man-made landscape, used in geography, tourism, and environmental contexts. +
-  * `[[景象]] (jǐngxiàng)` - Scene, sight. Different from `景观`, as it often describes a scene of activity or a state of affairs, not just a static view (e.g., a bustling market scene, `一派繁忙的景象`).+